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Russian via German to English

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Assuming Russian words have been correctly transliterated into German, the rules for the secondary transcription are basically as follows for each German letter in the left column. Some standard spellings deviate from them, e.g. Tchaikovsky.
 

German

English

Example

w v Woronesh/Voronezh
j y Jalta/Yalta
o (after sh, tsch, sch) e Chruschtschow/Khrushchev
z ts Donez/Donets
s
(German "s" renders
two Russian letters)
z Kasan/Kazan
s Sotschi/Sochi
ss (between vowels) s Nesawissimaja/Nezavisimaya
sh zh Shitomir/Zhitomir
ch kh Charkow/Kharkov
tsch ch Tschechow/Chekhov
sch sh Scholochow/Sholokhov
Note: the "dsch" in Aserbaidschan is transcribed to English as a "j"

Azerbaijan

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